photon Apas Cloud
A photon of a wavelength (m): `lambda`, `nm`, the frequency `f`, the energy `E` (J) and `eV`, the momentum `p` = h/λ.
lambda(number) -- the wavelength in metres
Dual Nature
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photonFromEnergy Apas Cloud
The same record for a photon of a given energy in eV: its wavelength, frequency and momentum.
eV(number) -- the photon's energy in eV
photonFlux Apas Cloud
The photons a second in a beam of a power (W) at a wavelength (m): P/(hc/λ).
power(number) -- the beam's power in wattslambda(number) -- the wavelength in metres
photoelectric Apas Cloud
Light of a wavelength (m) on a metal of work function φ (eV): `K_max` = hν − φ (eV), the stopping potential `V_0` (V), the threshold `f_0` (Hz) and `lambda_0` (m), the fastest electron's `v_max` (m/s), `emits` (whether hν exceeds φ) and `photonEnergy` (eV).
phi(number) -- the work function in eVlambda(number) -- the wavelength in metres
photoelectricAt Apas Cloud
The same record for light of a given frequency (Hz) on a metal of work function φ (eV).
phi(number) -- the work function in eVf(number) -- the frequency in hertz
threshold Apas Cloud
The threshold of a metal of work function φ (eV): the frequency `f_0` = φ/h, the wavelength `lambda_0` (m) and `nm`.
phi(number) -- the work function in eV
planckFromLine Apas Cloud
Planck's constant and the work function from two points (ν, V_0) of the stopping-potential line, as Millikan found them: `h` (J s), `phi` (eV), `f_0` (Hz).
f1(number) -- the first frequency in hertzV1(number) -- its stopping potential in voltsf2(number) -- the second frequencyV2(number) -- its stopping potential
deBroglie Apas Cloud
The de Broglie wave of a mass (kg) at a speed (m/s): `lambda` (m) and `nm`, `v`, the momentum `p`, the kinetic energy `K` (J) and `eV`.
mass(number) -- the mass in kilogramsspeed(number) -- the speed in m/s
deBroglieFromEnergy Apas Cloud
The same record for a mass (kg) with a kinetic energy in eV: λ = h/√(2mK).
mass(number) -- the mass in kilogramsK(number) -- the kinetic energy in eV
electronWavelength Apas Cloud
An electron accelerated from rest through V volts: λ = h/√(2 m e V) = 1.227/√V nm, with its speed and momentum.
V(number) -- the accelerating voltage
thermalWavelength Apas Cloud
A particle of a mass (kg) in thermal equilibrium at T (K): K = 3kT/2, λ = h/√(3 m k T).
mass(number) -- the mass in kilogramsT(number) -- the temperature in kelvin
heisenberg Apas Cloud
The uncertainty relation Δx Δp ≥ ħ/2: for an uncertainty Δx (m) in position the least `dp` (kg m/s) and the same as an electron's speed `dv` (m/s).
dx(number) -- the uncertainty in position, metres
recoilSpeed Apas Cloud
The recoil of a mass (kg) that emits or absorbs a photon of a wavelength (m): h/(mλ).
mass(number) -- the mass in kilogramslambda(number) -- the photon's wavelength in metres
photoelectricOn Apas Cloud
The photoelectric graphs on a diagram (NCERT XII Figs. 11.2 to 11.5). "current" draws the photocurrent against the collector potential for a wavelength at up to three intensities (the same stopping potential −V_0, saturation currents in proportion): photoelectricOn(d, "current", phi, lambda[, I1, I2, I3]). "frequency" draws the curves for up to three wavelengths at one intensity (the same saturation, their own V_0): photoelectricOn(d, "frequency", phi, lambda1[, lambda2, lambda3]). "stopping" (or "kinetic") draws V_0 (or K_max) against ν for up to three metals, each line from its ν_0 with the slope h/e and its dashed extension to −φ/e: photoelectricOn(d, "stopping", phi1[, phi2, phi3]). "wavelength" draws V_0 against 1/λ: photoelectricOn(d, "wavelength", phi). Work functions in eV, wavelengths in metres; the real values are written in the labels and caption.
d(number) -- the diagramkind(text) -- "current", "frequency", "stopping", "kinetic" or "wavelength"values(number) -- the work function(s), wavelength(s) and intensities the kind takes